GDP: Direct Contribution
The direct contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP is expected to be USD336.9bn (2.4% of total GDP) in 2011, rising by 5.9% pa to USD625.7bn (2.6%) in 2021 (in constant 2011 prices).

GDP: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP, including its wider economic impacts, is forecast to rise by 5.9% pa from USD1,071.5bn (7.7% of GDP) in 2011 to USD1,995.5bn (8.6%) by 2021.

Employment: Direct Contribution
Travel & Tourism is expected to support directly 25,663,000 jobs (2.9% of total employment) in 2011, rising by 1.4% pa to 29,480,000 jobs (3.1%) by 2021.

Employment: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by the industry, is forecast to rise by 2.4% pa from 71,840,000 jobs (8.1% of total employment) in 2011 to 90,779,000 jobs (9.7%) by 2021.

Visitor Exports
Travel & Tourism visitor exports are expected to generateUSD142.6bn (3.2% of total exports) in 2011, growing by 9.4% pa (in nominal terms) to USD240.9bn (2.9%) in 2021.

Investment
Travel & Tourism investment is estimated at USD149.8bn or 3.3% of total investment in 2011. It should rise by 6.4% pa to reach USD287.7bn (or 3.5%) of total investment in 2021.

World ranking (out of 12 regions):
Relative importance of Travel & Tourism’s total contribution to GDP
• 3 ABSOLUTE size
• 9 RELATIVE contribution to national economy
• 3 GROWTH forecast

North East Asia includes China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea Republic of Macau, Taiwan

Download the Travel & Tourism report on North East Asia here

About WTTC
The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is the forum for business leaders in the Travel & Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the world’s leading Travel & Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel & Tourism.
WTTC works to raise awareness of Travel & Tourism as one of the world’s largest industries, supporting more than 258 million jobs and generating 9.1 per cent of world GDP.

This article is quoted from WTTC . Follow the links and get an overview of 2011 WTTC region reports or country reports.

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GDP: Direct Contribution
The direct contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP is expected to be USD523.0bn (2.7% of total GDP) in 2011, rising by 5.9% pa to USD953.4bn (2.8%) in 2021 (in constant 2011 prices).

GDP: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP, including its wider economic impacts, is forecast to rise by 5.8% pa from USD1,607.4bn (8.2% of GDP) in 2011 to USD2,903.3bn (8.7%) by 2021.

Employment: Direct Contribution
Travel & Tourism is expected to support directly 63,891,000 jobs (3.5% of total employment) in 2011, rising by 1.9% pa to 77,502,000 jobs (3.7%) by 2021.

Employment: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by the industry, is forecast to rise by 2.4% pa from 145,802,000 jobs (7.9% of total employment) in 2011 to 184,709,000 jobs (8.9%) by 2021.

Visitor Exports
Travel & Tourism visitor exports are expected to generate USD288.6bn (4.3% of total exports) in 2011, growing by 8.3%pa (in nominal terms) to USD496.2bn (3.6%) in 2021.

Investment
Travel & Tourism investment is estimated at USD247.5bn or 4.1% of total investment in 2011. It should rise by 6.7% pa to reach USD482.0bn (or 4.1%) of total investment in 2021.

The Asia Pacific Region includes South Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and Oceania. Download the Travel & Tourism report on Asia Pacific here

About WTTC
The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is the forum for business leaders in the Travel & Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the world’s leading Travel & Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel & Tourism.
WTTC works to raise awareness of Travel & Tourism as one of the world’s largest industries, supporting more than 258 million jobs and generating 9.1 per cent of world GDP.

This article is quoted from WTTC .
Follow the links and get an overview of 2011 WTTC region reports or country reports.

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GDP: Direct ContributionThe direct contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP is expected to be USD483.2bn (2.8% of total GDP) in 2011, rising by 6.6% pa to USD920.6bn (2.7%) in 2021 (in constant 2011 prices).

GDP: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel &Tourism to GDP, including its wider economic impacts, is forecast to rise by 6.8% pa from USD1,397.4bn (8.0% of GDP) in 2011 to USD2,727.3bn (8.4%) by 2021.

Employment: Direct Contribution
Travel & Tourism is expected to support directly 66,750,000 jobs (3.4% of total employment) in 2011, rising by 1.9% pa to 80,264,000 jobs (3.6%) by 2021.

Employment: Total Contribution
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by the industry, is forecast to rise by 2.3% pa from 153,719,000 jobs (7.7% of total employment) in 2011 to 192,905,000 jobs (8.6%) by 2021.

Visitor Exports
Travel & Tourism visitor exports are expected to generate USD184.4bn (3.8% of total exports) in 2011, growing by 9.5%pa (in nominal terms) to USD315.8bn (3.2%) in 2021.

Investment
Travel & Tourism investment is estimated at USD216.2bn or 3.9% of total investment in 2011. It should rise by 7.5% pa to reach USD447.0bn (or 3.9%) of total investment in 2021.

BRICs and N11s Region includes the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and the N11s (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Phillippines South Korea, Turkey, Vietnam)
Download the Travel & Tourism report on BRICs and N11 Economic Impact Report here

About WTTC
The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is the forum for business leaders in the Travel & Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the world’s leading Travel & Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel & Tourism.
WTTC works to raise awareness of Travel & Tourism as one of the world’s largest industries, supporting more than 258 million jobs and generating 9.1 per cent of world GDP.

This article is quoted from WTTC . Follow this link to read the original article and download the tourism report on 2011 BRICs and N11 Economic Impact Report here.
Get an overview of all the region reports from WTTC here

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The positive momentum of the previous months held strong for Southeast Asia, which led the region with 15.5% growth during the month of June. The rebound in arrivals to Thailand (+54%) positively impacted this overall result, strongly supported by the other reporting destinations in this sub-region all of which enjoyed double-digit growth. This in turn was supported by strong travel demand within ASEAN and an increase in arrivals from China.

International arrivals growth to South Asia was a robust 12% in June, boosted by double-digit increases in inbound numbers to Nepal (+38%), the Maldives (+27%) and Sri Lanka (+20%). India maintained the same pace of growth seen in the previous month at 7%. European arrivals are amongst the main contributors to this growth.

Northeast Asia saw an improvement after posting slow growth of 0.6% in May, with a 3.7% increase in arrivals for June 2011. This growth, however, was very unevenly distributed among destinations in the sub-region. Tourism demand to Japan continued to recover, reducing losses in inbound arrivals from -63% in April to -50% in May and -36% in June. Chinese Taipei (-2%) and China (+1%) registered weak results while Hong Kong SAR (+16%), Macau SAR (+15%) and Korea (ROK) (+11%) enjoyed buoyant growth for the month, supported by the key origin market of China.

It should be remembered that even though the percentage growth rate may be relatively weaker than for other sub-regions, the sheer volume of arrivals to Northeast Asia means that 3.7% growth directly translates into more than 600,000 additional arrivals for the month.

International Arrivals to the Pacific recorded an aggregate decline of 4% in June. The main destinations of Australia (-4%) and New Zealand (-10%) showed significant decreases compared to the corresponding period last year. This downturn was caused – in part at least – by the ash cloud disruption to air travel from the Chilean volcano together with the continued effects of the earthquake in Christchurch. Nevertheless, some Pacific Island nations still managed to show positive growth, especially Palau (+63%), Vanuatu (+27%), Tahiti (+19%), Papua New Guinea (+16%), New Caledonia (+11%) and Cook Island (+8%).

January to June 2011
Of the 31 destinations reporting half-year arrivals (January to June 2011), 26 indicted positive growth, with 14 showing double-digit gains. Clear growth leaders over this period were Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand with gains of 37%, 29% and 28% respectively (January to June, year-on-year).

Collectively, these 31 destinations generated growth of 5.3% for the Asia/Pacific region during the first half of 2011. Even with the loss of almost 1.4 million arrivals to Japan, this cluster of destinations collectively not only countered that contraction but managed to add enough additional arrivals to the collective count to post a year-on-year gain of more than eight million international arrivals.

Kris Lim, Director of PATA’s Strategic Intelligence Centre, said: “The first-half year growth of around 5%, given the challenges the industry has faced so far this year underlines the resilience of travel and tourism in the Asia/Pacific region. The comparatively weaker economies of the USA and Europe mean that much of this growth has had to come from intra-regional travel and this in turn has only been possible because of the stronger regional economies and the continued expansion of airline seat capacity within the region.”

Lim added that at the current rate of growth, overall arrivals to the region will push to the 433 million mark by the end of the year, up from 408 million last year. The majority of the Asia/Pacific destinations will once again look at record numbers of arrivals, led by South Asia and Southeast Asia destinations in terms of percentage growth.

“While European arrivals remain key to South Asia’s growth, Southeast Asia will be driven by the rapidly growing China and India outbound markets while Northeast Asia is expected to see strong gains in arrivals from Southeast Asia driven by the steadily growing LCC network,” said Lim.

1)Asia/Pacific is defined as including the following sub-regions for the purposes of press releases:

For more market trends and insights, please visit www.pata.org/sub-regional-trends-2011

-ENDS-

Issued by:PATA Communications,
Bangkok, Thailand.
Tel: +66 2 658 2000
E-mail: communications@PATA.org
Online newsroom: www.pata.org/Press
Follow PATA on Twitter and Facebook

About PATA
The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is a not-for profit membership association that acts as a catalyst for the responsible development of travel and tourism within the Asia Pacific region. This year, PATA is proud to celebrate 60 dynamic years of developing responsible tourism.

In partnership with private and public sector members, PATA enhances the sustainable growth, value and quality of travel and tourism to-from-and-within, the region. The Association provides leadership and counsel on an individual and collective basis to over 80 government, state and city tourism bodies; nearly 50 international airlines, airports and cruise lines and many hundreds of travel industry companies across the Asia Pacific region and beyond. Thousands of travel professionals belong to 39 active PATA chapters worldwide and participate in a wide range of PATA and industry events. PATA’s Strategic Intelligence Centre (SIC) offers unrivalled data and insights including Asia Pacific inbound and outbound statistics, analyses and forecasts as well as in-depth reports on strategic tourism markets. For more information, please visit www.PATA.org

This article is quoted from the newsletter PATAnews from PATA . Follow the green link to read the original article published on 2011.08.31.

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Thailand: International visitors to Thailand increased 28.1% in the first six months of 2011 to reach close to 9.7-million arrivals. Key growth markets: Saudi Arabia (+84%), China (+68%) and Hong Kong SAR (+59%). Context: a year ago Thailand’s political crisis deterred many visitors. Big growth now reflects the artificially low benchmark of last year.

Australia: There were 386,600 visitor arrivals during May 2011, an increase of 2.7% relative to May 2010. This lifts Australia’s inbound total to close on 2.4% over the first five months of the year, a gain of 1.6%.

India: India welcomed 2.9-million visitor arrivals in the first six months of 2011, a year-on-year growth of 10.9%. Foreign exchange earnings grew 12.1% when measured in local currency and 14.2% when converted to US dollars.

How is your destination performing in an increasingly competitive world? Read more Follow the link to here.

This article is quoted from the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) newsletter July 13 2011.

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The luxury hotel is so high that each room is fitted with a tank of oxygen just in case guests feel they need a few extra breaths

Lhasa St. Regis Hotel, opening in the region’s capital Lhasa, is a high-end property in the tourism market, said Guo Yan, chairman of Yungao International Hotel, the hotel’s investor.

Wang Songping, deputy chief of the tourism bureau of Tibet, said construction of the Shangri-La Hotel and InterContinental Hotel would start this year. “According to the region’s five-year plan, there will be five five-star hotels in the region by 2015,” Wang said.

“Tibet has abundant tourism resources but is short of elite tourism facilities, but the international hotels coming to Tibet will help promote tourism in the region.”

Tibet envisions 15 million tourists arriving per year by 2015, generating a total tourism income of up to 18 billion yuan, according to the region’s 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015).

The design of the St Regis Lhasa is inspired by a nearby and still active monastery and is the highest altitude hotel in the world.

The 150-suite hotel, which also has 12 private villas, is in the capital Lhasa and heralds the start of a new era of tourism in the region.

Apparently, locals say demand for luxury travel in Tibet is on the rise and other similar five-star hotels and boutique hotels are opening their doors, including one in the 300-year-old Jokhang Temple.

The hotel, which also has 12 private villas, is in the capital Lhasa and heralds the start of a new era of tourism in the region

This article written by Valere Tjolle, editor of the Sustainable Tourism Report Suite. The article is quoted from TravelMole and published June 2011.

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It is with huge contentment that I announce the 2nd year anniversary of the Views On Tourism Project this month.
What a fantastic journey it has been to live in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2010, share valuable tourism knowledge and encourage the emerging sustainable tourism movement in Bangladesh and South Asia. Although I moved back to Denmark the Views On Tourism Project is still growing and you, my reader, can take a huge part of the credit.

The Views On Tourism blog provides knowledge and inspiration for the Bangladeshi tourism sector, nearby South Asian countries, developing countries or destinations facing similar challenges. With an ever growing number of visitors from up to 120 countries in one single month, the blog has just passed a total of 100.000 visitors.

The Views On Tourism network and discussion group unite the sustainable tourism stakeholders related to Bangladesh and South Asia. It is simply fantastic to witness the constant growth of skilled members, intensifying lively interaction and visionary discussions.

This is indeed interesting times to experience the growing sustainable tourism movement in Bangladesh and South Asia and I am eager to play my part in this process. Increased local commitment and long-term sustainable initiatives are still required in the future, but there is no doubt that if the tourism stakeholders in Bangladesh and South Asia unite they have the resources, knowledge and visions to succeed.

Please join the movement too and use the Views On Tourism Project when increasing knowledge, sharing best practice, spreading information, making comments, announcing events, starting discussions, network and cooperate. Together we can achieve a sustainable future!

I wish you a happy new year in 2011.

Yours faithfully Majbritt Thomsen
E-mail: info@viewsontourism.info
See the public LinkedIn profile of Majbritt Thomsen, follow this link .

For further information please follow these links:
Go to the Views On Tourism – Knowledge and Inspiration Blog.
Read the group introduction and join the Views On Tourism – Network and Discussion Group.

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Research on intra-national travel (circuit) patterns has largely been limited to analyses of flows between sets of generating and receiving countries. There continues to be comparatively little recognition in the literature that these intra-national movements are complemented by two sets of intra-national movements: One in the generating country as tourists leave home and make their way to a port of departure (and subsequently return home via the same or a different port of entry). The other in the receiving country (or countries) as the tourists move to a destination or visit a variety of destinations. In a strict sense these intra-national movements may not be international, but logically they form integral parts of an international travel system. Lack of attention to intra-national flows appears to be due to the rather narrow outlook held by many national tourist organizations and other institutions which see their role largely in terms of increasing total arrivals and boosting gross foreign exchange earnings. An understanding of intra-national movements becomes particularly important when other goals are pursued, such as regional development or spreading the impacts, both positive and negative of tourism. Information on internal travel may also contribute to overall expansion. From a marketing perspective, a growing number of tourist organizations and businesses are also beginning to identify the sub-national origins of many of their visitors and, faced with the costs and challenges of tapping huge markets such as the US, are increasingly developing more targeted campaigns aimed at the specific regions within those countries which have the greatest propensity to visit their destinations.

Conceptual issues of Circuit Tourism and the global picture thereof:
Global tourism is not merely restricted to travel between pairs of origins and markets. Travel to one destination may be pooled with visits to other destinations in what is variously recognized as circuit tourism or multi-destination travel. The core of the concept was clearly outlined by Cullinan et al. in 1977 in their Central American study. According to them “a circuit tour is a pleasure trip which includes two or more countries by a resident of a third country.’’ The basic concept has been articulated and measured in a multiplicity of ways all over the world, but in most of these instances the analysis involves all travelers not just those on a pleasure trip. Many countries, however, continue to record arrivals in seclusion, taking account barely of the fraction of any tour spent inside their frontiers.

In 1990 three quarters of US travelers visited only one country on each trip abroad, only a tiny fraction of travelers visited three or more countries. All US travelers to Caribbean restricted their visit to a single island. In contrast, the opening up of Central Europe appears to have occasioned additional itinerant visits there, with a mean of 3.2 countries visited. Africa and the Middle East also produce higher than average multi destination trips.

In 1992 visitors to Hong Kong stayed overnight in only two different international destinations, that is, on average they were visiting Hong Kong plus one other country. Visitors from the long haul markets of North America, Europe and Australia tended to mingle a visit to Hong Kong with about two other countries, while Asians, particularly Japanese, averaged only one and a half countries per trip, including Hong Kong.

Hong Kong, as both a well intense regional focal point and a physically small destination with a narrow assortment of attractions, relies principally on circuit visitors.
In contrast, the small South Pacific destinations of French Polynesia and Vanuatu are more secluded and have a ‘sun-sand-sea’ image that is possibly more advantageous to stay put holidays makers.

An affinity for higher levels of circuit tourism is linked with long-haul travel. Greater length of travel will augment not only the need for technical stopovers but also a wish to break one’s journey and possibly obtain a better return on transport costs by combining visits to two or more destinations on the one trip.

Information reveals that visitors to Great Britain from outside Western Europe reported their intention to mingle a visit to Britain with at least one other European country.

Hong Kong is evidently part of a broader Asian circuit for North American and European travelers, but Japan and Taiwan are allied more closely into the circuits of Americans than Europeans.

The bulk of New Zealand visits to Fiji consist of destination travel or circuits involving other Pacific destinations. Australia also follows this model.

European circuits demonstrate a roughly parallel model to that of the Americans.

Little remains known concerning the motivations and preferences of circuit tourists and what distinguishes them from those who visit only one country.

The Progression of Global Tourist Flows:
The evolutionary trends of worldwide tourism recommend that the volume of traffic to more far-flung destinations will rise over time and that the nature of the tourist visiting given destinations will also vary.

Statistics on four markets – the US, Germany, the UK and Japan – are not firmly comparable as they are taken from diverse sources, they are based on different definitions and they are presented in varying degrees of geographical facts. Nonetheless, using a general approach – spatial variations in market share – it is likely to draw out a number of common trends.

Significant escalation occurred in German outbound travel over last few decades as the inclination for holiday-taking in general and international travel in particular grew. Notable changes in the relative composition of German travelers also occurred. Bordering Austria saw its share of the German market for main holidays reduce.

Italy also experienced a noticeable fall in market share, while Spain’s share increase appreciably over the years with parallel rates of growth being experienced by France and Yugoslavia.

The German traffic is still intra-regional, where stable increases were recorded in the traffic outside Europe.
The number of British visits overseas increased in the same time. A major relocation of British traffic occurred as Ireland’s share dropped.
Italy’s share also decreased progressively. Slighter declines were registered by the Alpine destinations of Austria and Switzerland.

It is known that three East African countries will jointly promote the region as a tourist destination, James Bahinguza, the general manager of Uganda Tourism Board (UTB) has said. James Bahinguza was quoted by The New Vision as saying recently that the tourist boards of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania are meeting in the northern Tanzanian town of Arusha shortly to work out strategies that would enable tourists to visit the region without difficulty.

Data of Japanese outbound tourists depicts a considerable increase over the last few decades due to strong yen and a couple of actions taken by Japanese government to increase foreign tour by Japanese thus reducing Japan’s trade surplus. Asia has accounted for about half of the Japanese departures (Taiwan, Philippines, Singapore etc.).

The largest destination for Japanese travelers is the US until recently. Europe has registered about 10 percent of Japanese outbound travel since 1980 with France, the UK and Germany being the three leading destinations. Australia started to show some growth, accounting for less than 10 percent of Japanese departures.

The percentage of Germans traveling outside Europe is increasing quickly. The changes in the market share that do occur are basically recorded within each respective region. The most fundamental is a decline in departures to conventional neighboring non-sun countries and a parallel growth in the traffic to sun-sand-sea destinations, most of which are characterized by lower living expenses. Thus the German traffic to Austria declines and holidaymakers head towards cheaper Mediterranean destinations, as do British vacationers discarding Ireland. Mexico gains in attractiveness for US travelers as Canada’s appeal is weaken. The Japanese model is less clear-cut, there being few readily reachable sunlust destinations. Hong Kong declines in significance, much of sun-sand-sea traffic is oriented to Guam, Hawaii and later to Queensland in Australia.

Destinations will be affected by these and other market trends in different ways and to varying degrees depending on their location and individual market mix.

The tourism industry is playing a growing role in both new/old industrialized countries and emerging/developing countries. While the manufacturing sector is undergoing a profound crisis and transformation process at a world-wide level, the service and tourism industry is attracting new investments and capitals, often playing a vital role in the international diversification processes; it is increasing its average size, involving multinationals as well. Consequently the situation has radically altered and is continually evolving. Tourism is no longer a prerogative of countries such as France, Italy, Spain, with their SME systems, but a wider and more complex phenomenon linking local and global networks, not only individual products/services, strictly linked to the area features. Nevertheless, within such a circumstance the European model still plays a central and specific role; thanks to its broad range of diverse cultures (also allowing for the new entry of the eastern countries).

Networking and Tourism Regional Systems:
Developing countries are evolving as well and are directly involved in the competitive game. The new major Asian countries such as China and India, leaders of the world industrial development, are no longer playing an inactive role as tourism destinations managed by the major international tour operators; they are rather becoming vigorous subjects generating tourism demand and new entrepreneurship.

The competitive game is no longer controlled by individual organizations but involves the territories that, through the agreement and multi-level co-ordination of their resources, become supply systems and, then, tourism destinations. Thus, the tourism destinations become the unit of analysis and the focus shifts to “networking”, co-operation, formal and unofficial networks and partnership management in order to gain a competitive edge and increase products quality. Accordingly, tourism firms are required to implement radical management changes; first of all they are required to take on a systemic approach to analyze the competitive context and manage relationships and resources. Achieving and retaining the firm’s competitive advantage firmly depends on the firm’s capability to incorporate and define its product/service within the region, to co-operate with other regional stakeholders so as to provide an bona fide, differentiated and unique tourism experience. In this situation, application and propagation of ICT technologies can effectively support the new processes aimed at integrating destinations, tour operators of the regional destinations and services provided by them. With this work we want to participate in the debate on these issues, including “Networking and Tourism Regional Systems”. Scholars, tourism operators and policy-makers these days have focused their attention on the issues related to networking and partnership involving tourism stakeholders of destination countries and NTOs (National Tourism Organizations) of the respective region; they have stimulated a lively debate and suggested analytical approaches and empirical applications. A host of linkages among cluster members result in a whole greater than the sum of its part. In a typical tourism cluster, for example, the quality of a visitor’s experience depends not only on the appeal of the primary attraction but also on the quality and efficiency of subsequent destinations as well as complementary businesses such as hotels, restaurants, shopping outlets and transportation facilities. Because members of the cluster are mutually dependent, good performance by one can boost the success of the others.

The growing increase in international and inter-regional competitiveness, linked with the evident shortcomings of traditional regional development models and policies, are some of the reasons that have triggered the interest of academic and researchers for studying clusters and networks. Research in this area suggests that economies tend to develop through the appearance of clusters. In fact, the development of clusters contributes appreciably to the world’s economies and provides paths to developing national and, in particular, regional economies. Several examples of regional clustering provide evidence that even as competition and economic activity globalize, competitive advantage can be localized. Having in mind the reality of the tourism sector, which is mainly constituted by micro and small enterprises, the advantages of working jointly are huge. Physical closeness, investment in R&D and cooperation between countries of the respective region increase information exchanges. This leads to knowledge spillovers and generates (technological) innovation, which are pointed as indispensable factors in promoting economic growth. Partnerships and strategic alliances in tourism and hospitality were classified among the 10 most important world tourism issues for 2004 (Edgell, 2004). According to several authors, the strategic positioning of peripheral regions can be accomplished through the identification of product clusters, the establishment of public–private partnerships and the establishment of networks.

Globalization can also be seen as a prospect to benefit from the open world market. In order to cope with the threats of global competition and develop strategic positioning, tourism destinations should encourage the emergence of tourism clusters, the establishment of networks and strong partnerships, among neighboring countries.

Interest in regional clusters and their role in economic development have grown considerably over the last years among academics, politics and professionals. “One reason for the massive interest in regional clusters is the simple fact that ‘they are there’” (Enright, 2001). Historical investigation suggests that economies tend to develop through the appearance of regional clusters. A basic reason for the growing interest in partnerships in tourism development is the belief that tourist destination areas and organizations may be able to gain competitive advantage by bringing together the knowledge, expertise, capital and other resources of several stakeholders (Kotler et al., 1993 cited in Bramwell & Lane, 2000, p. 2). According to Costa (1996), the importance of networks and partnerships for tourism seems huge. Firstly, they offer planners an organizational framework in which more comprehensive, wide-ranging, participatory, informed and democratic approaches may be put forward, because policies are not entirely designed by planning agencies but are, instead, supported by a wider range of stakeholders. Moreover, they bring destination areas the assurance that development is no longer viewed from a short-term economic approach; instead, the planning and development of resort are viewed from a wider standpoint, which comprises the surrounding natural, social and economic environment, and, therefore, takes into account notions such as uniqueness, carrying capacity and sustaining development.

Additionally, they bring the tourism industry the hope that economic growth is seen not only in the short term but also in the medium and long terms. By conveying more stability and competitiveness to the web, networks also bring more safety and profitability to private sector investments.

Lastly, networks transmit governments the advantage that the development of tourism is seen with respect the natural and social patrimony; that development takes into account the economic structure of every place; and also that, by inspiring the inter-regional coordination of policies, the indirect and induced economic impact produced by tourism are enhanced.

Lessons Bangladesh can take from the concept of regional integration to promote circuit tourism as few other Asian countries have taken:
Bordering country India already has realized this and has taken quite a few remarkable steps to this end. Recently India and Iran have agreed to increase cooperation in tourism and culture sectors. Indian government has emphasized the need to increase people to people contact between the two countries, realizing that such contacts will give people a first hand opportunity to understand each other better. Indian government is taking to expedite the signing of Cultural Exchange Program and an updated MOU on Tourism between India and Iran. India has proposed for the holding of Road Shows by Indian travel agents and tour operators in Iran and suggested that both countries can offer affordable tour packages to the citizens of India and Iran to increase tourist traffic. India has also realized that it should work seriously to attract more Chinese tourists there. Much was made of the fact that India and China together comprised almost 40 per cent of the world’s population. China is already the largest source for outbound tourism in all of Asia. Last year a weighty 40 million Chinese traveled abroad (up from 12.1 million in 2001), and according to the World Tourism Organization this number would rise to 100 million by 2020. But as officials from the Indian Tourism Ministry admitted, the cold fact is that last year India attracted only 68,000 Chinese visitors. There was thus much hand-wringing about the fact that Chinese travelers to India make up less than 2 per cent of the total number of foreign travelers to the country.

Tourism in China has greatly expanded over the last few decades. The emergence of a newly rich middle class and an easing of restrictions on movement by the Chinese authorities are both fueling this travel boom. China has become one of the world’s most-watched and hottest outbound tourist markets. The world is on the cusp of a sustained Chinese outbound tourism boom. According to the WTO, in 2020, China will become the largest tourist country and the fourth largest for overseas travel. In terms of total outbound travel spending, China is currently ranked fifth and is expected to be the fastest growing in the world from 2006 to 2015, jumping into the number two slot for total travel spending by 2015. Rising middle class incomes and a pent-up demand to see the rest of the world will make China one of the most significant outbound tourism markets in the coming decade. Controls on foreign travel are being gradually eased. Rising disposable incomes and constant exposure to foreign countries on television have also contributed to a surge in outward tourism. One indication of this is the increase in the number of travel agencies, from 6,222 in 1998 to 11,552 in 2002, which has accompanied a rise in the number of Chinese tourists going abroad from 3.2 million to 10.1 million in the same period. The proportion of Chinese going abroad for “private purposes” rose steadily during that time from 38.1% to 60.8%. Almost all the growth in travel agencies has so far been in Chinese-owned agencies, which increased from 4,910 to 10,203, while international travel agencies in China have remained at just over 1,300. Chinese nationals spent more than US$15 billion on tourism abroad in 2002, and US$19.1 billion in 2004. In 2006 some 34.5 million mainland Chinese trips were taken outside of China. China has been the leading source of outbound tourists in Asia since 2003, though most Chinese tourists (71% in 2005) only go to Hong Kong and Macau.

The impact of Chinese outbound tourism is starting to be felt in Asia (17% in 2005), with far fewer going to Europe (5% in 2005) and elsewhere. In addition, Chinese tourists are among the biggest spenders when they travel overseas, making them a highly desired market. South-East Asian countries specialize in cheap package holidays tailored specifically for the Chinese market. So, the bulk of the Chinese who travel abroad choose to go to destinations such as Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore. If Bangladesh is able to draw a small percentage of these tourists here in the country, the entire scenario of the country’s tourism industry will change overnight. Bangladesh, joining hands with these Asian countries can gain a considerable advantage of Asian Circuit Tourism.

According to Mr Hiran Cooray, Member-Board of Management, Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, India already accounts for the largest number of visitors to Sri Lanka. Approximately 120,000 Indians visited the country last year. While many of these Indian visitors are believed to be business visitors, at least 50,000 are on holiday, he added. Bangladesh through linking itself with India and Sri Lanka forming a tourism triangle will be able to attract at least some percentage of these tourists to the country. The top 10 Indian cities including Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and Hyderabad contributed to 14 per cent growth year-on-year to log 7.49 lakh last year, a growth averaging more than 25 per cent. Cities like Tiruchy, Coimbatore and Madurai accounted for a growth of 32 per cent, 29 per cent and 25 per cent respectively. Though these cities had no direct air link to Singapore, the increasing number of visitors from these cities to Singapore has prompted the STB (Singapore Tourism Board) to intensify its marketing to Indian tourists. Bangladesh can also form another triangle with Singapore and India and can bring some of the Singaporean tourists here in Bangladesh.

The ministers and tourism officials of Malaysia and Singapore have agreed to embark on a two-year marketing campaign to jointly promote both destinations. Tourism bodies of both countries said in a joint statement recently that the agreement was reached on at a meeting on the sidelines of the Asean Tourism Meetings in Davao City, Philippines. Bangladesh can also enter into such arrangements with other Asian countries taking lesson from this for the benefits of the countries concerned in the field of tourism.

Bangladesh can identify few Asian countries as natural partners with very strong ties traditionally and exploit this warm relationship to enhance their tourism position globally. Such cooperation would drive the formulation of exciting tour programmes into all partner countries. The joint tourism promotion campaign would further foster closer rapport and understanding across all levels. Activities for the joint marketing campaign may be the promotion of bilateral tourism flows, and joint promotion to third countries.

Bangladesh can offer visitors from the partner countries complementary admission to various attractions on a mutually-agreed date and vice-versa. On the joint promotion, the focus may be on strategic advertising in the major tourist generating countries where both agencies may cost-share the funding on an equal basis.

Members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are all geared up to boost regional tourism through enhanced cooperation. With the objective to promote cooperation among member countries in tourism and market ASEAN as a single tourist destination, a week-long ASEAN Tourism Forum (ATF) with the theme “Expanding the ASEAN Horizon Toward the 21st Century” ended recently. In its conjunction, the ASEAN Tourism Conference (ATC) held recently appealed to tourism industry companies in the region including airlines, tour operators and travel agents to promote the region as a tourist destination with a greater sense of responsibility. Besides, ASEAN tourism ministers had an informal agreement to promote ASEAN region as single tourist destination.

To promote the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as a single tourist destination, it is also agreed that member countries need to open skies, build up single-visa regime and improve infrastructure. ASEAN should also engage dialogue partners like China, Japan, Republic of Korea (ROK), India and Russia, in tourism cooperation.

Other issues that also require attention are: co-branding, marketing, tourism investment promotion, tourism standards, human resource development and tourism information. Bangladesh, through tied up itself with this ASEAN proposition can gain quite significantly in the field of tourism.

This requires an understanding of the concept of “CIRCUIT or ORBITAL TOURISM” by the policy planners and business community of the tourism sector and work so that the circuit tourism is promoted. Following steps may be taken by the tourism stakeholders of Bangladesh to reap the benefits of Regional Tourism Promotion thus encouraging circuit tourism:

* Visa issuance can be abolished for those travelers who desire to stay Bangladesh for maximum stay of three months.
* Simplifying the entry and exit procedures.
* Simplification of currency regulations:
* Lightening of international tourists of their travel burdens through: group discount of fares on various domestic transportation means, lodging and dining tax
* Bangladesh Government can enact necessary laws and regulations
* Offering promotional prices on fares, hotel rates, prices of local transportation, and restaurant prices.
* Persistent efforts and joint cooperation of the concerned agencies – government, semi-government and private sector as well as with the tourism stakeholders of the regional countries.
* Strategic Tourism Marketing Plan, an Immediate Requirement
* There may also be joint form of advertising campaigns and public relations exercises in major tourist-generating countries
* A tie-up with the Asian tour operators can help our tourism industry to get something out of the circuit tourism.
* There may also be joint form of advertising campaigns and public relations exercises in major tourist-generating markets undertaken by BPC and private tour operators and travel agents in association with other tourism stakeholders of the Asian countries.
* Travel mart (fair) and Road Shows should be arranged frequently in the major tourist generating countries.
* Bangladesh can be co-branded with the other partner Asian countries”.
* Tourism channel of distribution should be made extensive for inbound tourism.
* The tourism industry must not be viewed in isolation but needs to be integrated into wider development plans.
* Personnel of Bangladesh missions abroad should be motivated to inform foreign tourists about country’s attractive places and facilities. A separate department may be set up in each embassy that can work continuously to develop Bangladesh’s image further and further to the foreigners.

Given the premise above, it is the responsibility of both the public and private sectors to come forward in developing Regional Tourism Promotion for Bangladesh tourism industry to move few steps forward thus contributing significantly to the country’s economy, reduction of unemployment and bringing manifold good to the society.

Writer Prof. Dr. Md. Ashraful Islam Chowdhury
Founding Chairman Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Presently Professor, Department of Marketing
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This article was first published in the BTTF-2010 Tourism Fair magazine. The BTTF fair was hosted by Tour Operators Association of Bangladesh (TOAB) on the 30th September to the 2ed November 2010 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

This article is uploaded by Majbritt Thomsen, administrator on ‘Views On Tourism’. Please join the online Views On Tourism network and discussion group in order to achieve personal goals as well as encourage a sustainable tourism development in Bangladesh and South Asia. Read more about this group and how to become a member here.

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This article is quoted from the newsletter PATAnews from PATA . Follow the link to read the original article published on 2010.09.21.

This article is uploaded by Majbritt Thomsen, administrator on ‘Views On Tourism’. Please join the online Views On Tourism network and discussion group in order to achieve personal goals as well as encourage a sustainable tourism development in Bangladesh and South Asia. Read more about this group and how to become a member here.

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Over the past few years, travelers in China, both domestic and foreign, have begun to ditch the tour group and explore rural villages and out-of-the-way scenic spots. Research by the China National Tourism Association (CNTA) and the Pacific Asia Travel Association calculates that rural tourist destinations in China now attract 300 million visitors annually.

Not only is this new breed of tourist traveling independently, a growing number of travelers are making an effort to go green as well. With increasing foot-traffic to China’s rural or natural sites, international NGOs and environmentalists have turned their efforts to tourism. The nature charity WWF has established a scheme to train local guides at nature reserves in Sichuan, while in Yunnan, The Nature Conservancy has established the country’s first green national park, Pudacuo, which is modeled on the American national park system. Other efforts include a scattered number of eco-lodges and smaller projects like Haobao Organic Farm, located in a valley outside of Kunming and run by a local Chinese farmer.

This trend is also being seen at the top-end of the market. URBN, a boutique hotel in Shanghai which opened late last year, purports to be China’s first carbon-neutral hotel. While in Beijing, tour operator Wild China offers luxury travel packages of a sustainable nature.

This year, these green tourism projects are being given an official helping hand. The CNTA has named 2009 “Chinese Ecotourism Year” and kicked off the year with a party in Sanya, Hainan attended by the mayor, the governor of Hainan, the deputy governor of Yunnan and a dozen tourism officials. “There is a rising conscience among the Chinese to travel a different way,” said Norbert Trehoux of TEC, an environmental tourism council based in Marseille that has just set up a branch in Anhui Province.

However, while the Chinese tourism authorities are certainly trumpeting their green credentials, what this will mean in reality is open to debate. “How it works in China is that they’ll have all these slogans but only after four or so years will [policy making] actually start,” said Albert Ng, CEO of Wild China. “They don’t really know what it means, but they’re talking about it.”

Indeed, the slogan for China’s ecotourism year encourages citizens to “be a green traveler and experience eco- civilization,” but the implementation of this green traveling is dubious. “Right now, ecotourism is still best characterized as an embryonic market,” said Chris Horton, founder of Gokunming.com and business managing director for The Meridian Group, a consultancy and research firm focusing on southwest China.

Horton pointed out that both in Yunnan, where many ecotourism projects are based, and across China as a whole, naturebased tourism is often marketed as being environmentally friendly, but in practice places little emphasis on conservation and environmental or social awareness.

“A disturbingly high percentage of these country getaways are actually formerly pristine areas, which urbanites drive their SUVs to on the weekend in order to over-consume and, in the end, damage the local ecosystem,” he said. “Much of China’s nature-oriented tourism is misleadingly called ‘ecotourism’ in an attempt to cash in on consumer guilt without actually making things better.”

This article is quoted from ‘China International Business’ published on 2009-02-10. Follow the green link to read the Download the original article written by Lily Kuo.

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